![]() absorption and reflection, are effective in the power of protection obtained from titanium dioxide against ultraviolet rays 26. Titanium dioxide absorbs light at wavelengths of 275 to 405 nm and reflects light effectively due to its high refractive index 25. They can also lead to an easier distribution of titanium dioxide in the matrix 23, 24. These coatings can prevent some reactions between the surface of very active titanium dioxide nanoparticle crystals and the matrix in which they are spread. To improve some properties of TiO 2, most of them are covered with materials such as alumina or silica. between 50 and 150 nm) in sunscreen formulations, which not only minimizes safety concerns, but also results in the desired performance for the formulation 21, 22. Research has been conducted to achieve an optimal range of titanium dioxide particle sizes (i.e. On the other hand, by increasing the size of titanium dioxide particles, the ability to protect the skin against ultraviolet rays (especially UVB) decreased 19, 20. Many studies on the safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been conducted by various regulatory organizations, including the European Union, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the Australian Food and Drug Administration. With the development of nanotechnology, pure or coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries 18. Its transparency and absorbance features to ultraviolet radiation provide its effective use as a protective filter for sunscreen creams 17. Nano titanium dioxide (TiO 2) in spite of its mass state is transparent and is effective as a photocatalyst and an absorber of ultraviolet radiation 16. The results showed that titanium dioxide can be used as a suitable filter against all types of UVA and UVB rays. TA) had more photocatalytic activity under UV–Vis irradiation during 4 h (TA (22%) > TB (16%) > TC (15%)). The results showed that smaller nanoparticles (i.e. According to the photocatalytic functionality of TiO 2, the photodegradation of methylene blue in the presence of each nanoparticle of TiO 2 was studied. Also, the sample containing TAU with the lowest particle size values had the highest protection against UV rays (SPF). SPSS 17 statistical software analysis of variance showed that the performance of SPF, UVAPF and λc in formulations containing TA had the highest levels. The results showed that the formulations prepared with TA had the lowest viscosity compared to formulations containing TB and TC. For each formulation, two important parameters, including pH and TiO 2 dosage, were investigated in different states. TA had the best dispersion in cream compared to other samples due to its smaller size (i.e. Then the functional characteristics of each formulation were determined by standard methods. These particles were used in the pristine formulation. The results showed that the particle size of samples TA, TB, and TC in the ultrasonic homogenizer decreased from 966.4, 2745.8, and 2471.6 nm to 142.6, 254.8, and 262.8 nm, respectively. As a result, the size of primary particles was reduced by using milling and homogenization methods at different times. Then the particle size of these samples was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy methods. The aim was to evaluate their role in the performance of sunscreens (i.e. In this study, three samples of commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2) in different sizes were used to investigate their effect on the formulation of sunscreen creams. ![]()
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